Cystic Hygroma (Cystic Lymphangioma)

🌺Cystic Hygroma (Cystic Lymphangioma)

Definition: A congenital malformation of the lymphatic system characterized by multiloculated cystic masses filled with lymphatic fluid, usually arising from failure of lymphatic channels to connect with the venous system.
Common Sites:

• Posterior triangle of the neck (most frequent)
• Axilla, mediastinum, groin, or retroperitoneum (less common)
  Etiology & Associations:
• Congenital lymphatic malformation
• Often sporadic but may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities such as Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and Noonan syndrome.
  Clinical Features:
• Soft, compressible, non-tender swelling present at birth or early infancy.
• Transilluminates brilliantly.
• May increase in size with respiratory infections or crying.
• Can cause respiratory distress, dysphagia, or cosmetic deformity if large.
  Complications:
• Infection, hemorrhage, rupture, or rapid enlargement causing airway obstruction
  Treatment:
• Sclerotherapy—Intralesional injections of sclerosing agents may be useful.
• Surgical excision for accessible lesions or non-responders.
• Aspiration can provide temporary relief in emergency situations for eg. airway compression, but recurrence will occur.
  Prognosis: Good in most cases; recurrence can occur if excision is incomplete.

🌺Team IAP Mumbai 🌺